Life gets busy and returns slip. If you've missed a deadline or you're staring down one you won't make, here's what actually happens, and why it's usually better to act than to hide.
Failure to lodge penalties
The ATO can charge a penalty for lodging late, calculated in units that add up the longer you leave it. For small entities it starts modestly but grows, and it applies even if you don't owe any tax.
Interest on unpaid tax
If you owe tax and pay late, the ATO charges interest on the outstanding amount. It compounds, so a bill that felt manageable can grow while you're avoiding it.
Lodging on time even if you can't pay
This is the key move most people miss. Lodging and paying are separate. If you can't pay, lodge anyway, because that avoids the failure to lodge penalty, and then arrange a payment plan for the amount owing. The ATO is far more accommodating with people who lodge and communicate than with those who go quiet.
Using a tax agent buys time
Lodging through a registered tax agent usually gives you extended deadlines. If you're regularly cutting it fine, that alone can take the pressure off.
The bottom line
Late lodgement costs money, but ignoring it costs more. If you're behind, the best thing you can do is get the return in and talk to the ATO about the balance. If catching up feels overwhelming, that's exactly the kind of thing an accountant can sort out quickly.